//
//
// Copyright 2016 gRPC authors.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
//

#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>
#include <grpc/support/sync.h>

#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/port.h"

#ifdef GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_EV_POLL

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <string>

#include "src/core/lib/event_engine/shim.h"
#include "src/core/lib/experiments/experiments.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/block_annotate.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/ev_poll_posix.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/iomgr_internal.h"
#include "src/core/lib/iomgr/wakeup_fd_posix.h"
#include "src/core/telemetry/stats.h"
#include "src/core/telemetry/stats_data.h"
#include "src/core/util/crash.h"
#include "src/core/util/grpc_check.h"
#include "src/core/util/thd.h"
#include "src/core/util/useful.h"
#include "absl/log/log.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_format.h"

#define GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST ((grpc_pollset_worker*)1)

//******************************************************************************
// FD declarations
//
typedef struct grpc_fd_watcher {
  struct grpc_fd_watcher* next;
  struct grpc_fd_watcher* prev;
  grpc_pollset* pollset;
  grpc_pollset_worker* worker;
  grpc_fd* fd;
} grpc_fd_watcher;

typedef struct grpc_cached_wakeup_fd grpc_cached_wakeup_fd;

// Only used when GRPC_ENABLE_FORK_SUPPORT=1
struct grpc_fork_fd_list {
  // Only one of fd or cached_wakeup_fd will be set. The unused field will be
  // set to nullptr.
  grpc_fd* fd;
  grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* cached_wakeup_fd;

  grpc_fork_fd_list* next;
  grpc_fork_fd_list* prev;
};

struct grpc_fd {
  int fd;
  // refst format:
  // bit0:   1=active/0=orphaned
  // bit1-n: refcount
  // meaning that mostly we ref by two to avoid altering the orphaned bit,
  // and just unref by 1 when we're ready to flag the object as orphaned
  gpr_atm refst;

  gpr_mu mu;
  int shutdown;
  int closed;
  int released;
  gpr_atm pollhup;
  grpc_error_handle shutdown_error;

  // The watcher list.

  // The following watcher related fields are protected by watcher_mu.

  // An fd_watcher is an ephemeral object created when an fd wants to
  // begin polling, and destroyed after the poll.

  // It denotes the fd's interest in whether to read poll or write poll
  // or both or neither on this fd.

  // If a watcher is asked to poll for reads or writes, the read_watcher
  // or write_watcher fields are set respectively. A watcher may be asked
  // to poll for both, in which case both fields will be set.

  // read_watcher and write_watcher may be NULL if no watcher has been
  // asked to poll for reads or writes.

  // If an fd_watcher is not asked to poll for reads or writes, it's added
  // to a linked list of inactive watchers, rooted at inactive_watcher_root.
  // If at a later time there becomes need of a poller to poll, one of
  // the inactive pollers may be kicked out of their poll loops to take
  // that responsibility.
  grpc_fd_watcher inactive_watcher_root;
  grpc_fd_watcher* read_watcher;
  grpc_fd_watcher* write_watcher;

  grpc_closure* read_closure;
  grpc_closure* write_closure;

  grpc_closure* on_done_closure;

  grpc_iomgr_object iomgr_object;

  // Only used when GRPC_ENABLE_FORK_SUPPORT=1
  grpc_fork_fd_list* fork_fd_list;

  bool is_pre_allocated;
};

// True when GRPC_ENABLE_FORK_SUPPORT=1.
static bool track_fds_for_fork = false;

// Only used when GRPC_ENABLE_FORK_SUPPORT=1
static grpc_fork_fd_list* fork_fd_list_head = nullptr;
static gpr_mu fork_fd_list_mu;

// Begin polling on an fd.
// Registers that the given pollset is interested in this fd - so that if read
// or writability interest changes, the pollset can be kicked to pick up that
// new interest.
// Return value is:
//   (fd_needs_read? read_mask : 0) | (fd_needs_write? write_mask : 0)
// i.e. a combination of read_mask and write_mask determined by the fd's current
// interest in said events.
// Polling strategies that do not need to alter their behavior depending on the
// fd's current interest (such as epoll) do not need to call this function.
// MUST NOT be called with a pollset lock taken
static uint32_t fd_begin_poll(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_pollset* pollset,
                              grpc_pollset_worker* worker, uint32_t read_mask,
                              uint32_t write_mask, grpc_fd_watcher* watcher);
// Complete polling previously started with fd_begin_poll
// MUST NOT be called with a pollset lock taken
// if got_read or got_write are 1, also does the become_{readable,writable} as
// appropriate.
static void fd_end_poll(grpc_fd_watcher* watcher, int got_read, int got_write);

// Return 1 if this fd is orphaned, 0 otherwise
static bool fd_is_orphaned(grpc_fd* fd);

#ifndef NDEBUG
static void fd_ref(grpc_fd* fd, const char* reason, const char* file, int line);
static void fd_unref(grpc_fd* fd, const char* reason, const char* file,
                     int line);
#define GRPC_FD_REF(fd, reason) fd_ref(fd, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, reason) fd_unref(fd, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#else
static void fd_ref(grpc_fd* fd);
static void fd_unref(grpc_fd* fd);
#define GRPC_FD_REF(fd, reason) fd_ref(fd)
#define GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, reason) fd_unref(fd)
#endif

#define CLOSURE_NOT_READY ((grpc_closure*)0)
#define CLOSURE_READY ((grpc_closure*)1)

//******************************************************************************
// pollset declarations
//

typedef struct grpc_cached_wakeup_fd {
  grpc_wakeup_fd fd;
  struct grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* next;

  // Only used when GRPC_ENABLE_FORK_SUPPORT=1
  grpc_fork_fd_list* fork_fd_list;
} grpc_cached_wakeup_fd;

struct grpc_pollset_worker {
  grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* wakeup_fd;
  int reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup;
  int kicked_specifically;
  struct grpc_pollset_worker* next;
  struct grpc_pollset_worker* prev;
};

struct grpc_pollset {
  gpr_mu mu;
  grpc_pollset_worker root_worker;
  int shutting_down;
  int called_shutdown;
  int kicked_without_pollers;
  grpc_closure* shutdown_done;
  int pollset_set_count;
  // all polled fds
  size_t fd_count;
  size_t fd_capacity;
  grpc_fd** fds;
  // Local cache of eventfds for workers
  grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* local_wakeup_cache;
};

// Add an fd to a pollset
static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_pollset* pollset, struct grpc_fd* fd);

static void pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set, grpc_fd* fd);

// Convert a timespec to milliseconds:
// - very small or negative poll times are clamped to zero to do a
//   non-blocking poll (which becomes spin polling)
// - other small values are rounded up to one millisecond
// - longer than a millisecond polls are rounded up to the next nearest
//   millisecond to avoid spinning
// - infinite timeouts are converted to -1
static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(grpc_core::Timestamp deadline);

// Allow kick to wakeup the currently polling worker
#define GRPC_POLLSET_CAN_KICK_SELF 1
// Force the wakee to repoll when awoken
#define GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP 2
// As per pollset_kick, with an extended set of flags (defined above)
// -- mostly for fd_posix's use.
static grpc_error_handle pollset_kick_ext(grpc_pollset* p,
                                          grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker,
                                          uint32_t flags);

// Return 1 if the pollset has active threads in pollset_work (pollset must
// be locked)
static bool pollset_has_workers(grpc_pollset* pollset);

//******************************************************************************
// pollset_set definitions
//

struct grpc_pollset_set {
  gpr_mu mu;

  size_t pollset_count;
  size_t pollset_capacity;
  grpc_pollset** pollsets;

  size_t pollset_set_count;
  size_t pollset_set_capacity;
  struct grpc_pollset_set** pollset_sets;

  size_t fd_count;
  size_t fd_capacity;
  grpc_fd** fds;
};

//******************************************************************************
// functions to track opened fds. No-ops unless track_fds_for_fork is true.
//

static void fork_fd_list_remove_node(grpc_fork_fd_list* node) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
  if (fork_fd_list_head == node) {
    fork_fd_list_head = node->next;
  }
  if (node->prev != nullptr) {
    node->prev->next = node->next;
  }
  if (node->next != nullptr) {
    node->next->prev = node->prev;
  }
  gpr_free(node);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
}

static void fork_fd_list_remove_grpc_fd(grpc_fd* fd) {
  if (track_fds_for_fork) {
    fork_fd_list_remove_node(fd->fork_fd_list);
  }
}

static void fork_fd_list_remove_wakeup_fd(grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* fd) {
  if (track_fds_for_fork) {
    fork_fd_list_remove_node(fd->fork_fd_list);
  }
}

static void fork_fd_list_add_node(grpc_fork_fd_list* node) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
  node->next = fork_fd_list_head;
  node->prev = nullptr;
  if (fork_fd_list_head != nullptr) {
    fork_fd_list_head->prev = node;
  }
  fork_fd_list_head = node;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
}

static void fork_fd_list_add_grpc_fd(grpc_fd* fd) {
  if (track_fds_for_fork) {
    fd->fork_fd_list =
        static_cast<grpc_fork_fd_list*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fork_fd_list)));
    fd->fork_fd_list->fd = fd;
    fd->fork_fd_list->cached_wakeup_fd = nullptr;
    fork_fd_list_add_node(fd->fork_fd_list);
  }
}

static void fork_fd_list_add_wakeup_fd(grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* fd) {
  if (track_fds_for_fork) {
    fd->fork_fd_list =
        static_cast<grpc_fork_fd_list*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fork_fd_list)));
    fd->fork_fd_list->cached_wakeup_fd = fd;
    fd->fork_fd_list->fd = nullptr;
    fork_fd_list_add_node(fd->fork_fd_list);
  }
}

//******************************************************************************
// fd_posix.c
//

#ifndef NDEBUG
#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) unref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
static void ref_by(grpc_fd* fd, int n, const char* reason, const char* file,
                   int line) {
  GRPC_TRACE_VLOG(fd_refcount, 2)
      << "FD " << fd->fd << " " << fd << "   ref " << n << " "
      << gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) << " -> "
      << gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) + n << " [" << reason << "; "
      << file << ":" << line << "]";
#else
#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) \
  do {                        \
    ref_by(fd, n);            \
    (void)(reason);           \
  } while (0)
#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) \
  do {                          \
    unref_by(fd, n);            \
    (void)(reason);             \
  } while (0)
static void ref_by(grpc_fd* fd, int n) {
#endif
  GRPC_CHECK_GT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&fd->refst, n), 0);
}

#ifndef NDEBUG
static void unref_by(grpc_fd* fd, int n, const char* reason, const char* file,
                     int line) {
  GRPC_TRACE_VLOG(fd_refcount, 2)
      << "FD " << fd->fd << " " << fd << " unref " << n << " "
      << gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) << " -> "
      << gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) - n << " [" << reason << "; "
      << file << ":" << line << "]";
#else
static void unref_by(grpc_fd* fd, int n) {
#endif
  gpr_atm old = gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&fd->refst, -n);
  if (old == n) {
    gpr_mu_destroy(&fd->mu);
    grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&fd->iomgr_object);
    fork_fd_list_remove_grpc_fd(fd);
    if (fd->shutdown) {
    }
    fd->shutdown_error.~Status();
    gpr_free(fd);
  } else {
    GRPC_CHECK(old > n);
  }
}

static grpc_fd* fd_create(int fd, const char* name, bool track_err) {
  if (grpc_core::IsEventEngineForAllOtherEndpointsEnabled() &&
      !grpc_event_engine::experimental::
          EventEngineExperimentDisabledForPython()) {
    GRPC_TRACE_LOG(event_engine, ERROR)
        << "Creating a wrapped EventEngine grpc_fd with fd:" << fd;
    grpc_fd* new_fd = static_cast<grpc_fd*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fd)));
    new_fd->fd = fd;
    new_fd->released = false;
    new_fd->closed = false;
    return new_fd;
  }
  // Avoid unused-parameter warning for debug-only parameter
  (void)track_err;
  GRPC_DCHECK(track_err == false);
  grpc_fd* r = static_cast<grpc_fd*>(gpr_malloc(sizeof(*r)));
  gpr_mu_init(&r->mu);
  gpr_atm_rel_store(&r->refst, 1);
  r->shutdown = 0;
  new (&r->shutdown_error) absl::Status();
  r->read_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
  r->write_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
  r->fd = fd;
  r->inactive_watcher_root.next = r->inactive_watcher_root.prev =
      &r->inactive_watcher_root;
  r->read_watcher = r->write_watcher = nullptr;
  r->on_done_closure = nullptr;
  r->closed = 0;
  r->released = 0;
  r->is_pre_allocated = false;
  gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&r->pollhup, 0);

  std::string name2 = absl::StrCat(name, " fd=", fd);
  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&r->iomgr_object, name2.c_str());
  fork_fd_list_add_grpc_fd(r);
  return r;
}

static bool fd_is_orphaned(grpc_fd* fd) {
  return (gpr_atm_acq_load(&fd->refst) & 1) == 0;
}

static grpc_error_handle pollset_kick_locked(grpc_fd_watcher* watcher) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&watcher->pollset->mu);
  GRPC_CHECK(watcher->worker);
  grpc_error_handle err =
      pollset_kick_ext(watcher->pollset, watcher->worker,
                       GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&watcher->pollset->mu);
  return err;
}

static void maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(grpc_fd* fd) {
  if (fd->inactive_watcher_root.next != &fd->inactive_watcher_root) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(fd->inactive_watcher_root.next);
  } else if (fd->read_watcher) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
  } else if (fd->write_watcher) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
  }
}

static void wake_all_watchers_locked(grpc_fd* fd) {
  grpc_fd_watcher* watcher;
  for (watcher = fd->inactive_watcher_root.next;
       watcher != &fd->inactive_watcher_root; watcher = watcher->next) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(watcher);
  }
  if (fd->read_watcher) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
  }
  if (fd->write_watcher && fd->write_watcher != fd->read_watcher) {
    (void)pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
  }
}

static int has_watchers(grpc_fd* fd) {
  return fd->read_watcher != nullptr || fd->write_watcher != nullptr ||
         fd->inactive_watcher_root.next != &fd->inactive_watcher_root;
}

static void close_fd_locked(grpc_fd* fd) {
  fd->closed = 1;
  if (!fd->released) {
    if (!fd->is_pre_allocated) {
      close(fd->fd);
    }
  }
  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, fd->on_done_closure,
                          absl::OkStatus());
}

static int fd_wrapped_fd(grpc_fd* fd) {
  if (fd->released || fd->closed) {
    return -1;
  } else {
    return fd->fd;
  }
}

static void fd_orphan(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_closure* on_done, int* release_fd,
                      const char* reason) {
  if (grpc_core::IsEventEngineForAllOtherEndpointsEnabled() &&
      !grpc_event_engine::experimental::
          EventEngineExperimentDisabledForPython()) {
    GRPC_CHECK_NE(release_fd, nullptr);
    GRPC_CHECK_EQ(on_done, nullptr);
    *release_fd = fd->fd;
    gpr_free(fd);
    return;
  }
  fd->on_done_closure = on_done;
  fd->released = release_fd != nullptr;
  if (release_fd != nullptr) {
    *release_fd = fd->fd;
    fd->released = true;
  }
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  REF_BY(fd, 1, reason);  // remove active status, but keep referenced
  if (!has_watchers(fd)) {
    close_fd_locked(fd);
  } else {
    wake_all_watchers_locked(fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
  UNREF_BY(fd, 2, reason);  // drop the reference
}

// increment refcount by two to avoid changing the orphan bit
#ifndef NDEBUG
static void fd_ref(grpc_fd* fd, const char* reason, const char* file,
                   int line) {
  ref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
}

static void fd_unref(grpc_fd* fd, const char* reason, const char* file,
                     int line) {
  unref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
}
#else
static void fd_ref(grpc_fd* fd) { ref_by(fd, 2); }

static void fd_unref(grpc_fd* fd) { unref_by(fd, 2); }
#endif

static grpc_error_handle fd_shutdown_error(grpc_fd* fd) {
  if (!fd->shutdown) {
    return absl::OkStatus();
  } else {
    return grpc_error_set_int(
        GRPC_ERROR_CREATE_REFERENCING("FD shutdown", &fd->shutdown_error, 1),
        grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus, GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE);
  }
}

static void notify_on_locked(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_closure** st,
                             grpc_closure* closure) {
  if (fd->shutdown || gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->pollhup)) {
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(
        DEBUG_LOCATION, closure,
        grpc_error_set_int(GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("FD shutdown"),
                           grpc_core::StatusIntProperty::kRpcStatus,
                           GRPC_STATUS_UNAVAILABLE));
  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
    // not ready ==> switch to a waiting state by setting the closure
    *st = closure;
  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
    // already ready ==> queue the closure to run immediately
    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, closure, fd_shutdown_error(fd));
    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
  } else {
    // upcallptr was set to a different closure.  This is an error!
    grpc_core::Crash(
        "User called a notify_on function with a previous callback still "
        "pending");
  }
}

// returns 1 if state becomes not ready
static int set_ready_locked(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_closure** st) {
  if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
    // duplicate ready ==> ignore
    return 0;
  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
    // not ready, and not waiting ==> flag ready
    *st = CLOSURE_READY;
    return 0;
  } else {
    // waiting ==> queue closure
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, *st, fd_shutdown_error(fd));
    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
    return 1;
  }
}

static void fd_shutdown(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_error_handle why) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  // only shutdown once
  if (!fd->shutdown) {
    fd->shutdown = 1;
    fd->shutdown_error = why;
    // signal read/write closed to OS so that future operations fail
    if (!fd->is_pre_allocated) {
      shutdown(fd->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
    }
    set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->read_closure);
    set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->write_closure);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

static bool fd_is_shutdown(grpc_fd* fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  bool r = fd->shutdown;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
  return r;
}

static void fd_notify_on_read(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_closure* closure) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  notify_on_locked(fd, &fd->read_closure, closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

static void fd_notify_on_write(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_closure* closure) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  notify_on_locked(fd, &fd->write_closure, closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

static void fd_notify_on_error(grpc_fd* /*fd*/, grpc_closure* closure) {
  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(polling, ERROR)
      << "Polling engine does not support tracking errors.";
  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, closure, absl::CancelledError());
}

static void fd_set_readable(grpc_fd* fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->read_closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

static void fd_set_writable(grpc_fd* fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->write_closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

static void fd_set_error(grpc_fd* /*fd*/) {
  GRPC_TRACE_LOG(polling, ERROR)
      << "Polling engine does not support tracking errors.";
}

static uint32_t fd_begin_poll(grpc_fd* fd, grpc_pollset* pollset,
                              grpc_pollset_worker* worker, uint32_t read_mask,
                              uint32_t write_mask, grpc_fd_watcher* watcher) {
  uint32_t mask = 0;
  grpc_closure* cur;
  int requested;
  // keep track of pollers that have requested our events, in case they change
  //
  GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "poll");

  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);

  // if we are shutdown, then don't add to the watcher set
  if (fd->shutdown) {
    watcher->pollset = nullptr;
    watcher->worker = nullptr;
    gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
    GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "poll");
    return 0;
  }

  // if there is nobody polling for read, but we need to, then start doing so
  cur = fd->read_closure;
  requested = cur != CLOSURE_READY;
  if (read_mask && fd->read_watcher == nullptr && requested) {
    fd->read_watcher = watcher;
    mask |= read_mask;
  }
  // if there is nobody polling for write, but we need to, then start doing so
  //
  cur = fd->write_closure;
  requested = cur != CLOSURE_READY;
  if (write_mask && fd->write_watcher == nullptr && requested) {
    fd->write_watcher = watcher;
    mask |= write_mask;
  }
  // if not polling, remember this watcher in case we need someone to later
  if (mask == 0 && worker != nullptr) {
    watcher->next = &fd->inactive_watcher_root;
    watcher->prev = watcher->next->prev;
    watcher->next->prev = watcher->prev->next = watcher;
  }
  watcher->pollset = pollset;
  watcher->worker = worker;
  watcher->fd = fd;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);

  return mask;
}

static void fd_end_poll(grpc_fd_watcher* watcher, int got_read, int got_write) {
  int was_polling = 0;
  int kick = 0;
  grpc_fd* fd = watcher->fd;
  if (fd == nullptr) {
    return;
  }

  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  if (watcher->pollset == nullptr) {
    watcher->fd = nullptr;
    gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
    GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "multipoller_start");
    return;
  }

  if (watcher == fd->read_watcher) {
    // remove read watcher, kick if we still need a read
    was_polling = 1;
    if (!got_read) {
      kick = 1;
    }
    fd->read_watcher = nullptr;
  }
  if (watcher == fd->write_watcher) {
    // remove write watcher, kick if we still need a write
    was_polling = 1;
    if (!got_write) {
      kick = 1;
    }
    fd->write_watcher = nullptr;
  }
  if (!was_polling && watcher->worker != nullptr) {
    // remove from inactive list
    watcher->next->prev = watcher->prev;
    watcher->prev->next = watcher->next;
  }
  if (got_read) {
    if (set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->read_closure)) {
      kick = 1;
    }
  }
  if (got_write) {
    if (set_ready_locked(fd, &fd->write_closure)) {
      kick = 1;
    }
  }
  if (kick) {
    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
  }
  if (fd_is_orphaned(fd) && !has_watchers(fd) && !fd->closed) {
    close_fd_locked(fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);

  GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "poll");
}

static void fd_set_pre_allocated(grpc_fd* fd) { fd->is_pre_allocated = true; }

//******************************************************************************
// pollset_posix.c
//

static thread_local grpc_pollset* g_current_thread_poller;
static thread_local grpc_pollset_worker* g_current_thread_worker;

static void remove_worker(grpc_pollset* /*p*/, grpc_pollset_worker* worker) {
  worker->prev->next = worker->next;
  worker->next->prev = worker->prev;
}

static bool pollset_has_workers(grpc_pollset* p) {
  return p->root_worker.next != &p->root_worker;
}

static bool pollset_in_pollset_sets(grpc_pollset* p) {
  return p->pollset_set_count;
}

static bool pollset_has_observers(grpc_pollset* p) {
  return pollset_has_workers(p) || pollset_in_pollset_sets(p);
}

static grpc_pollset_worker* pop_front_worker(grpc_pollset* p) {
  if (pollset_has_workers(p)) {
    grpc_pollset_worker* w = p->root_worker.next;
    remove_worker(p, w);
    return w;
  } else {
    return nullptr;
  }
}

static void push_back_worker(grpc_pollset* p, grpc_pollset_worker* worker) {
  worker->next = &p->root_worker;
  worker->prev = worker->next->prev;
  worker->prev->next = worker->next->prev = worker;
}

static void push_front_worker(grpc_pollset* p, grpc_pollset_worker* worker) {
  worker->prev = &p->root_worker;
  worker->next = worker->prev->next;
  worker->prev->next = worker->next->prev = worker;
}

static void kick_append_error(grpc_error_handle* composite,
                              grpc_error_handle error) {
  if (error.ok()) return;
  if (composite->ok()) {
    *composite = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("Kick Failure");
  }
  *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, error);
}

static grpc_error_handle pollset_kick_ext(grpc_pollset* p,
                                          grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker,
                                          uint32_t flags) {
  grpc_error_handle error;

  // pollset->mu already held
  if (specific_worker != nullptr) {
    if (specific_worker == GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST) {
      GRPC_CHECK_EQ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP), 0u);
      for (specific_worker = p->root_worker.next;
           specific_worker != &p->root_worker;
           specific_worker = specific_worker->next) {
        kick_append_error(
            &error, grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&specific_worker->wakeup_fd->fd));
      }
      p->kicked_without_pollers = true;
    } else if (g_current_thread_worker != specific_worker) {
      if ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP) != 0) {
        specific_worker->reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup = true;
      }
      specific_worker->kicked_specifically = true;
      kick_append_error(&error,
                        grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&specific_worker->wakeup_fd->fd));
    } else if ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_CAN_KICK_SELF) != 0) {
      if ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP) != 0) {
        specific_worker->reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup = true;
      }
      specific_worker->kicked_specifically = true;
      kick_append_error(&error,
                        grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&specific_worker->wakeup_fd->fd));
    }
  } else if (g_current_thread_poller != p) {
    GRPC_CHECK_EQ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP), 0u);
    specific_worker = pop_front_worker(p);
    if (specific_worker != nullptr) {
      if (g_current_thread_worker == specific_worker) {
        push_back_worker(p, specific_worker);
        specific_worker = pop_front_worker(p);
        if ((flags & GRPC_POLLSET_CAN_KICK_SELF) == 0 &&
            g_current_thread_worker == specific_worker) {
          push_back_worker(p, specific_worker);
          specific_worker = nullptr;
        }
      }
      if (specific_worker != nullptr) {
        push_back_worker(p, specific_worker);
        kick_append_error(
            &error, grpc_wakeup_fd_wakeup(&specific_worker->wakeup_fd->fd));
      }
    } else {
      p->kicked_without_pollers = true;
    }
  }

  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_kick_ext", error);
  return error;
}

static grpc_error_handle pollset_kick(grpc_pollset* p,
                                      grpc_pollset_worker* specific_worker) {
  return pollset_kick_ext(p, specific_worker, 0);
}

// global state management

static grpc_error_handle pollset_global_init(void) { return absl::OkStatus(); }

// main interface

static void pollset_init(grpc_pollset* pollset, gpr_mu** mu) {
  gpr_mu_init(&pollset->mu);
  *mu = &pollset->mu;
  pollset->root_worker.next = pollset->root_worker.prev = &pollset->root_worker;
  pollset->shutting_down = 0;
  pollset->called_shutdown = 0;
  pollset->kicked_without_pollers = 0;
  pollset->local_wakeup_cache = nullptr;
  pollset->kicked_without_pollers = 0;
  pollset->fd_count = 0;
  pollset->fd_capacity = 0;
  pollset->fds = nullptr;
  pollset->pollset_set_count = 0;
}

static void pollset_destroy(grpc_pollset* pollset) {
  GRPC_CHECK(!pollset_has_workers(pollset));
  while (pollset->local_wakeup_cache) {
    grpc_cached_wakeup_fd* next = pollset->local_wakeup_cache->next;
    fork_fd_list_remove_wakeup_fd(pollset->local_wakeup_cache);
    grpc_wakeup_fd_destroy(&pollset->local_wakeup_cache->fd);
    gpr_free(pollset->local_wakeup_cache);
    pollset->local_wakeup_cache = next;
  }
  gpr_free(pollset->fds);
  gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset->mu);
}

static void pollset_add_fd(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_fd* fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
  size_t i;
  // TODO(ctiller): this is O(num_fds^2); maybe switch to a hash set here
  for (i = 0; i < pollset->fd_count; i++) {
    if (pollset->fds[i] == fd) goto exit;
  }
  if (pollset->fd_count == pollset->fd_capacity) {
    pollset->fd_capacity =
        std::max(pollset->fd_capacity + 8, pollset->fd_count * 3 / 2);
    pollset->fds = static_cast<grpc_fd**>(
        gpr_realloc(pollset->fds, sizeof(grpc_fd*) * pollset->fd_capacity));
  }
  pollset->fds[pollset->fd_count++] = fd;
  GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "multipoller");
  (void)pollset_kick(pollset, nullptr);
exit:
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
}

static void finish_shutdown(grpc_pollset* pollset) {
  size_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < pollset->fd_count; i++) {
    GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset->fds[i], "multipoller");
  }
  pollset->fd_count = 0;
  grpc_core::ExecCtx::Run(DEBUG_LOCATION, pollset->shutdown_done,
                          absl::OkStatus());
}

static void work_combine_error(grpc_error_handle* composite,
                               grpc_error_handle error) {
  if (error.ok()) return;
  if (composite->ok()) {
    *composite = GRPC_ERROR_CREATE("pollset_work");
  }
  *composite = grpc_error_add_child(*composite, error);
}

static grpc_error_handle pollset_work(grpc_pollset* pollset,
                                      grpc_pollset_worker** worker_hdl,
                                      grpc_core::Timestamp deadline) {
  grpc_pollset_worker worker;
  if (worker_hdl) *worker_hdl = &worker;
  grpc_error_handle error;

  // Avoid malloc for small number of elements.
  enum { inline_elements = 96 };
  struct pollfd pollfd_space[inline_elements];
  struct grpc_fd_watcher watcher_space[inline_elements];

  // pollset->mu already held
  int added_worker = 0;
  int locked = 1;
  int queued_work = 0;
  int keep_polling = 0;
  // this must happen before we (potentially) drop pollset->mu
  worker.next = worker.prev = nullptr;
  worker.reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup = 0;
  if (pollset->local_wakeup_cache != nullptr) {
    worker.wakeup_fd = pollset->local_wakeup_cache;
    pollset->local_wakeup_cache = worker.wakeup_fd->next;
  } else {
    worker.wakeup_fd = static_cast<grpc_cached_wakeup_fd*>(
        gpr_malloc(sizeof(*worker.wakeup_fd)));
    error = grpc_wakeup_fd_init(&worker.wakeup_fd->fd);
    fork_fd_list_add_wakeup_fd(worker.wakeup_fd);
    if (!error.ok()) {
      GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_work", error);
      return error;
    }
  }
  worker.kicked_specifically = 0;
  // If we're shutting down then we don't execute any extended work
  if (pollset->shutting_down) {
    goto done;
  }
  // Start polling, and keep doing so while we're being asked to
  // re-evaluate our pollers (this allows poll() based pollers to
  // ensure they don't miss wakeups)
  keep_polling = 1;
  g_current_thread_poller = pollset;
  while (keep_polling) {
    keep_polling = 0;
    if (!pollset->kicked_without_pollers ||
        deadline <= grpc_core::Timestamp::Now()) {
      if (!added_worker) {
        push_front_worker(pollset, &worker);
        added_worker = 1;
        g_current_thread_worker = &worker;
      }
#define POLLOUT_CHECK (POLLOUT | POLLHUP | POLLERR)
#define POLLIN_CHECK (POLLIN | POLLHUP | POLLERR)

      int timeout;
      int r;
      size_t i, fd_count;
      nfds_t pfd_count;
      grpc_fd_watcher* watchers;
      struct pollfd* pfds;

      timeout = poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(deadline);

      if (pollset->fd_count + 2 <= inline_elements) {
        pfds = pollfd_space;
        watchers = watcher_space;
      } else {
        // Allocate one buffer to hold both pfds and watchers arrays
        const size_t pfd_size = sizeof(*pfds) * (pollset->fd_count + 2);
        const size_t watch_size = sizeof(*watchers) * (pollset->fd_count + 2);
        void* buf = gpr_malloc(pfd_size + watch_size);
        pfds = static_cast<struct pollfd*>(buf);
        watchers = static_cast<grpc_fd_watcher*>(
            static_cast<void*>((static_cast<char*>(buf) + pfd_size)));
      }

      fd_count = 0;
      pfd_count = 1;
      pfds[0].fd = GRPC_WAKEUP_FD_GET_READ_FD(&worker.wakeup_fd->fd);
      pfds[0].events = POLLIN;
      pfds[0].revents = 0;
      for (i = 0; i < pollset->fd_count; i++) {
        if (fd_is_orphaned(pollset->fds[i]) ||
            gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&pollset->fds[i]->pollhup) == 1) {
          GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset->fds[i], "multipoller");
        } else {
          pollset->fds[fd_count++] = pollset->fds[i];
          watchers[pfd_count].fd = pollset->fds[i];
          GRPC_FD_REF(watchers[pfd_count].fd, "multipoller_start");
          pfds[pfd_count].fd = pollset->fds[i]->fd;
          pfds[pfd_count].revents = 0;
          pfd_count++;
        }
      }
      pollset->fd_count = fd_count;
      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);

      for (i = 1; i < pfd_count; i++) {
        grpc_fd* fd = watchers[i].fd;
        pfds[i].events = static_cast<short>(
            fd_begin_poll(fd, pollset, &worker, POLLIN, POLLOUT, &watchers[i]));
        if (watchers[i].pollset != nullptr) {
          GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "multipoller_start");
        }
      }

      // TODO(vpai): Consider first doing a 0 timeout poll here to avoid
      // even going into the blocking annotation if possible
      GRPC_SCHEDULING_START_BLOCKING_REGION;
      r = grpc_poll_function(pfds, pfd_count, timeout);
      GRPC_SCHEDULING_END_BLOCKING_REGION;

      GRPC_TRACE_LOG(polling, INFO) << pollset << " poll=" << r;

      if (r < 0) {
        if (errno != EINTR) {
          work_combine_error(&error, GRPC_OS_ERROR(errno, "poll"));
        }

        for (i = 1; i < pfd_count; i++) {
          if (watchers[i].pollset == nullptr) {
            fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], 0, 0);
          } else {
            // Wake up all the file descriptors, if we have an invalid one
            // we can identify it on the next pollset_work()
            fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], 1, 1);
          }
        }
      } else if (r == 0) {
        for (i = 1; i < pfd_count; i++) {
          fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], 0, 0);
        }
      } else {
        if (pfds[0].revents & POLLIN_CHECK) {
          GRPC_TRACE_LOG(polling, INFO) << pollset << ": got_wakeup";
          work_combine_error(
              &error, grpc_wakeup_fd_consume_wakeup(&worker.wakeup_fd->fd));
        }
        for (i = 1; i < pfd_count; i++) {
          if (watchers[i].pollset == nullptr) {
            grpc_fd* fd = watchers[i].fd;
            if (pfds[i].revents & POLLHUP) {
              gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&fd->pollhup, 1);
            }
            fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], 0, 0);
          } else {
            GRPC_TRACE_LOG(polling, INFO)
                << pollset << " got_event: " << pfds[i].fd
                << " r:" << ((pfds[i].revents & POLLIN_CHECK) != 0)
                << " w:" << ((pfds[i].revents & POLLOUT_CHECK) != 0) << " ["
                << pfds[i].revents << "]";
            // This is a mitigation to prevent poll() from spinning on a
            //* POLLHUP https://github.com/grpc/grpc/pull/13665
            //
            if (pfds[i].revents & POLLHUP) {
              gpr_atm_no_barrier_store(&watchers[i].fd->pollhup, 1);
            }
            fd_end_poll(&watchers[i], pfds[i].revents & POLLIN_CHECK,
                        pfds[i].revents & POLLOUT_CHECK);
          }
        }
      }

      if (pfds != pollfd_space) {
        // pfds and watchers are in the same memory block pointed to by pfds
        gpr_free(pfds);
      }

      locked = 0;
    } else {
      pollset->kicked_without_pollers = 0;
    }
  // Finished execution - start cleaning up.
  // Note that we may arrive here from outside the enclosing while() loop.
  // In that case we won't loop though as we haven't added worker to the
  // worker list, which means nobody could ask us to re-evaluate polling).
  done:
    if (!locked) {
      queued_work |= grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
      gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
      locked = 1;
    }
    // If we're forced to re-evaluate polling (via pollset_kick with
    // GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP) then we land here and force
    // a loop
    if (worker.reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup && error.ok()) {
      worker.reevaluate_polling_on_wakeup = 0;
      pollset->kicked_without_pollers = 0;
      if (queued_work || worker.kicked_specifically) {
        // If there's queued work on the list, then set the deadline to be
        // immediate so we get back out of the polling loop quickly
        deadline = grpc_core::Timestamp();
      }
      keep_polling = 1;
    }
  }
  g_current_thread_poller = nullptr;
  if (added_worker) {
    remove_worker(pollset, &worker);
    g_current_thread_worker = nullptr;
  }
  // release wakeup fd to the local pool
  worker.wakeup_fd->next = pollset->local_wakeup_cache;
  pollset->local_wakeup_cache = worker.wakeup_fd;
  // check shutdown conditions
  if (pollset->shutting_down) {
    if (pollset_has_workers(pollset)) {
      (void)pollset_kick(pollset, nullptr);
    } else if (!pollset->called_shutdown && !pollset_has_observers(pollset)) {
      pollset->called_shutdown = 1;
      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
      finish_shutdown(pollset);
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
      // Continuing to access pollset here is safe -- it is the caller's
      // responsibility to not destroy when it has outstanding calls to
      // pollset_work.
      // TODO(dklempner): Can we refactor the shutdown logic to avoid this?
      gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
    }
  }
  if (worker_hdl) *worker_hdl = nullptr;
  GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_work", error);
  return error;
}

static void pollset_shutdown(grpc_pollset* pollset, grpc_closure* closure) {
  GRPC_CHECK(!pollset->shutting_down);
  pollset->shutting_down = 1;
  pollset->shutdown_done = closure;
  (void)pollset_kick(pollset, GRPC_POLLSET_KICK_BROADCAST);
  if (!pollset->called_shutdown && !pollset_has_observers(pollset)) {
    pollset->called_shutdown = 1;
    finish_shutdown(pollset);
  }
}

static int poll_deadline_to_millis_timeout(grpc_core::Timestamp deadline) {
  if (deadline == grpc_core::Timestamp::InfFuture()) return -1;
  if (deadline.is_process_epoch()) return 0;
  int64_t n = (deadline - grpc_core::Timestamp::Now()).millis();
  if (n < 0) return 0;
  if (n > INT_MAX) return -1;
  return static_cast<int>(n);
}

//******************************************************************************
// pollset_set_posix.c
//

static grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set_create(void) {
  grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set =
      static_cast<grpc_pollset_set*>(gpr_zalloc(sizeof(*pollset_set)));
  gpr_mu_init(&pollset_set->mu);
  return pollset_set;
}

static void pollset_set_destroy(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set) {
  size_t i;
  gpr_mu_destroy(&pollset_set->mu);
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
    GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
  }
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
    grpc_pollset* pollset = pollset_set->pollsets[i];
    gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
    pollset->pollset_set_count--;
    // check shutdown
    if (pollset->shutting_down && !pollset->called_shutdown &&
        !pollset_has_observers(pollset)) {
      pollset->called_shutdown = 1;
      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
      finish_shutdown(pollset);
    } else {
      gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
    }
  }
  gpr_free(pollset_set->pollsets);
  gpr_free(pollset_set->pollset_sets);
  gpr_free(pollset_set->fds);
  gpr_free(pollset_set);
}

static void pollset_set_add_pollset(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set,
                                    grpc_pollset* pollset) {
  size_t i, j;
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
  pollset->pollset_set_count++;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
  if (pollset_set->pollset_count == pollset_set->pollset_capacity) {
    pollset_set->pollset_capacity =
        std::max(size_t{8}, 2 * pollset_set->pollset_capacity);
    pollset_set->pollsets = static_cast<grpc_pollset**>(gpr_realloc(
        pollset_set->pollsets,
        pollset_set->pollset_capacity * sizeof(*pollset_set->pollsets)));
  }
  pollset_set->pollsets[pollset_set->pollset_count++] = pollset;
  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
    if (fd_is_orphaned(pollset_set->fds[i])) {
      GRPC_FD_UNREF(pollset_set->fds[i], "pollset_set");
    } else {
      pollset_add_fd(pollset, pollset_set->fds[i]);
      pollset_set->fds[j++] = pollset_set->fds[i];
    }
  }
  pollset_set->fd_count = j;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
}

static void pollset_set_del_pollset(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set,
                                    grpc_pollset* pollset) {
  size_t i;
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
    if (pollset_set->pollsets[i] == pollset) {
      pollset_set->pollset_count--;
      std::swap(pollset_set->pollsets[i],
                pollset_set->pollsets[pollset_set->pollset_count]);
      break;
    }
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset->mu);
  pollset->pollset_set_count--;
  // check shutdown
  if (pollset->shutting_down && !pollset->called_shutdown &&
      !pollset_has_observers(pollset)) {
    pollset->called_shutdown = 1;
    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
    finish_shutdown(pollset);
  } else {
    gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset->mu);
  }
}

static void pollset_set_add_pollset_set(grpc_pollset_set* bag,
                                        grpc_pollset_set* item) {
  size_t i, j;
  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
  if (bag->pollset_set_count == bag->pollset_set_capacity) {
    bag->pollset_set_capacity =
        std::max(size_t{8}, 2 * bag->pollset_set_capacity);
    bag->pollset_sets = static_cast<grpc_pollset_set**>(
        gpr_realloc(bag->pollset_sets,
                    bag->pollset_set_capacity * sizeof(*bag->pollset_sets)));
  }
  bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count++] = item;
  for (i = 0, j = 0; i < bag->fd_count; i++) {
    if (fd_is_orphaned(bag->fds[i])) {
      GRPC_FD_UNREF(bag->fds[i], "pollset_set");
    } else {
      pollset_set_add_fd(item, bag->fds[i]);
      bag->fds[j++] = bag->fds[i];
    }
  }
  bag->fd_count = j;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
}

static void pollset_set_del_pollset_set(grpc_pollset_set* bag,
                                        grpc_pollset_set* item) {
  size_t i;
  gpr_mu_lock(&bag->mu);
  for (i = 0; i < bag->pollset_set_count; i++) {
    if (bag->pollset_sets[i] == item) {
      bag->pollset_set_count--;
      std::swap(bag->pollset_sets[i],
                bag->pollset_sets[bag->pollset_set_count]);
      break;
    }
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&bag->mu);
}

static void pollset_set_add_fd(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set, grpc_fd* fd) {
  size_t i;
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
  if (pollset_set->fd_count == pollset_set->fd_capacity) {
    pollset_set->fd_capacity =
        std::max(size_t{8}, 2 * pollset_set->fd_capacity);
    pollset_set->fds = static_cast<grpc_fd**>(
        gpr_realloc(pollset_set->fds,
                    pollset_set->fd_capacity * sizeof(*pollset_set->fds)));
  }
  GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "pollset_set");
  pollset_set->fds[pollset_set->fd_count++] = fd;
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_count; i++) {
    pollset_add_fd(pollset_set->pollsets[i], fd);
  }
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
    pollset_set_add_fd(pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
}

static void pollset_set_del_fd(grpc_pollset_set* pollset_set, grpc_fd* fd) {
  size_t i;
  gpr_mu_lock(&pollset_set->mu);
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->fd_count; i++) {
    if (pollset_set->fds[i] == fd) {
      pollset_set->fd_count--;
      std::swap(pollset_set->fds[i], pollset_set->fds[pollset_set->fd_count]);
      GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "pollset_set");
      break;
    }
  }
  for (i = 0; i < pollset_set->pollset_set_count; i++) {
    pollset_set_del_fd(pollset_set->pollset_sets[i], fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&pollset_set->mu);
}

//******************************************************************************
// event engine binding
//

static bool is_any_background_poller_thread(void) { return false; }

static void shutdown_background_closure(void) {}

static bool add_closure_to_background_poller(grpc_closure* /*closure*/,
                                             grpc_error_handle /*error*/) {
  return false;
}

// Called by the child process's post-fork handler to close open fds, including
// worker wakeup fds. This allows gRPC to shutdown in the child process without
// interfering with connections or RPCs ongoing in the parent.
static void reset_event_manager_on_fork() {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
  while (fork_fd_list_head != nullptr) {
    if (fork_fd_list_head->fd != nullptr) {
      if (!fork_fd_list_head->fd->closed) {
        close(fork_fd_list_head->fd->fd);
      }
      fork_fd_list_head->fd->fd = -1;
    } else {
      close(fork_fd_list_head->cached_wakeup_fd->fd.read_fd);
      fork_fd_list_head->cached_wakeup_fd->fd.read_fd = -1;
      close(fork_fd_list_head->cached_wakeup_fd->fd.write_fd);
      fork_fd_list_head->cached_wakeup_fd->fd.write_fd = -1;
    }
    fork_fd_list_head = fork_fd_list_head->next;
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fork_fd_list_mu);
}

const grpc_event_engine_vtable grpc_ev_poll_posix = {
    sizeof(grpc_pollset),
    false,
    false,

    fd_create,
    fd_wrapped_fd,
    fd_orphan,
    fd_shutdown,
    fd_notify_on_read,
    fd_notify_on_write,
    fd_notify_on_error,
    fd_set_readable,
    fd_set_writable,
    fd_set_error,
    fd_is_shutdown,

    pollset_init,
    pollset_shutdown,
    pollset_destroy,
    pollset_work,
    pollset_kick,
    pollset_add_fd,

    pollset_set_create,
    pollset_set_destroy,
    pollset_set_add_pollset,
    pollset_set_del_pollset,
    pollset_set_add_pollset_set,
    pollset_set_del_pollset_set,
    pollset_set_add_fd,
    pollset_set_del_fd,

    is_any_background_poller_thread,
    /* name = */ "poll",
    // check_engine_available =
    [](bool) {
      if (!grpc_has_wakeup_fd()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Skipping poll because of no wakeup fd.";
        return false;
      }
      if (!GRPC_LOG_IF_ERROR("pollset_global_init", pollset_global_init())) {
        return false;
      }
      if (grpc_core::Fork::Enabled()) {
        if (grpc_core::Fork::RegisterResetChildPollingEngineFunc(
                reset_event_manager_on_fork)) {
          track_fds_for_fork = true;
          gpr_mu_init(&fork_fd_list_mu);
        }
      }
      return true;
    },
    /* init_engine = */ []() {},
    /* shutdown_engine = */ shutdown_background_closure,
    []() {},
    add_closure_to_background_poller,

    fd_set_pre_allocated,
};

namespace {

grpc_poll_function_type real_poll_function;

int phony_poll(struct pollfd fds[], nfds_t nfds, int timeout) {
  if (timeout == 0) {
    return real_poll_function(fds, nfds, 0);
  } else {
    grpc_core::Crash("Attempted a blocking poll when declared non-polling.");
    return -1;
  }
}

}  // namespace

const grpc_event_engine_vtable grpc_ev_none_posix = []() {
  grpc_event_engine_vtable v = grpc_ev_poll_posix;
  v.check_engine_available = [](bool explicit_request) {
    if (!explicit_request) return false;
    // return the simplest engine as a phony but also override the poller
    if (!grpc_ev_poll_posix.check_engine_available(explicit_request)) {
      return false;
    }
    real_poll_function = grpc_poll_function;
    grpc_poll_function = phony_poll;
    return true;
  };
  v.name = "none";
  v.init_engine = []() {};
  v.shutdown_engine = []() {};
  return v;
}();

#endif  // GRPC_POSIX_SOCKET_EV_POLL
